T7 |
Virus/Phage |
A
|
Fidelity of DNA synthesis by the Thermococcus litoralis DNA polymerase--an extremely heat stable enzyme with proofreading activity. |
0.0015 errors/bp |
Technique: Forward mutational (1mM dNTP) |
T7 |
Virus/Phage |
A
|
Error-prone replication of repeated DNA sequences by T7 DNA polymerase in the absence of its processivity subunit. |
4.5E-07 errors/bp |
Technique: M13mp2 forward mutation assay (-1 reading frame) |
T7 |
Virus/Phage |
A
|
Error-prone replication of repeated DNA sequences by T7 DNA polymerase in the absence of its processivity subunit. |
3.7E-07 errors/bp |
Technique: M13mp2 forward mutation assay (+1 reading frame) |
Vent |
Archaeon |
B
|
Optimization of the polymerase chain reaction with regard to fidelity: modified T7, Taq, and vent DNA polymerases. |
4.5E-05 errors/bp |
|
Vent |
Archaeon |
B
|
Fidelity of DNA synthesis by the Thermococcus litoralis DNA polymerase--an extremely heat stable enzyme with proofreading activity. |
0.0034 errors/bp |
Technique: Forward mutational (1mM dNTP) |
T4 |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Effect of accessory proteins on T4 DNA polymerase replication fidelity. |
1.2E-06 errors/bp |
Technique: M13mp2 forward mutation assay |
T4 |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Spectrum of spontaneous frameshift mutations. Sequences of bacteriophage T4 rII gene frameshifts. |
3E-07 errors/bp |
|
RB69 D222AD327A |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Interacting fidelity defects in the replicative DNA polymerase of bacteriophage RB69. |
520 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: RB69 rII 131 reversion |
T4 A737V |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Mutator versus antimutator activity of a T4 DNA polymerase mutant distinguishes two different frameshifting mechanisms. |
0.48 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: T4 rII UV6 reversion |
T4 A737V |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Mutator versus antimutator activity of a T4 DNA polymerase mutant distinguishes two different frameshifting mechanisms. |
0.13 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: T4 rII 131 reversion |
T4 A737V |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Mutator versus antimutator activity of a T4 DNA polymerase mutant distinguishes two different frameshifting mechanisms. |
11 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: T4 rIIB N-terminal frameshift assay ((rFC47; 1b-b7, a - frameshift)) |
T4 A737V |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Mutator versus antimutator activity of a T4 DNA polymerase mutant distinguishes two different frameshifting mechanisms. |
4.2 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: T4 rIIB N-terminal frameshift assay ((rFC41; 1b-b2, a - frameshift)) |
T4 A737V |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Mutator versus antimutator activity of a T4 DNA polymerase mutant distinguishes two different frameshifting mechanisms. |
1.5 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: T4 rIIB N-terminal frameshift assay ((rFC40; 1b-b4, a - frameshift)) |
T4 A737V |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Mutator versus antimutator activity of a T4 DNA polymerase mutant distinguishes two different frameshifting mechanisms. |
22 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: T4 rIIB N-terminal frameshift assay ((rX146; b6-mb, a + frameshift)) |
T4 A737V |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Mutator versus antimutator activity of a T4 DNA polymerase mutant distinguishes two different frameshifting mechanisms. |
3.5 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: T4 rIIB N-terminal frameshift assay ((rFC7; b3-mb, a + frameshift)) |
T4 A737V |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Mutator versus antimutator activity of a T4 DNA polymerase mutant distinguishes two different frameshifting mechanisms. |
6 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: T4 rIIB N-terminal frameshift assay ((rFC11; b1-mb, a + frameshift)) |
T4 A737V |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Mutator versus antimutator activity of a T4 DNA polymerase mutant distinguishes two different frameshifting mechanisms. |
0.65 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: T4 rII 114 reversion |
T4 A777V |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Mutator versus antimutator activity of a T4 DNA polymerase mutant distinguishes two different frameshifting mechanisms. |
1.4 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: T4 rIIB N-terminal frameshift assay ((rFC11; b1-mb, a + frameshift)) |
T4 A777V |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
General antimutators are improbable. |
1.1 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: Forward mutational |
T4 A777V |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Mutator versus antimutator activity of a T4 DNA polymerase mutant distinguishes two different frameshifting mechanisms. |
125 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: T4 rIIB N-terminal frameshift assay ((rX146; b6-mc, a + frameshift)) |
T4 A777V |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Mutator versus antimutator activity of a T4 DNA polymerase mutant distinguishes two different frameshifting mechanisms. |
0.63 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: T4 rIIB N-terminal frameshift assay ((rFC41; 1b-b2, a - frameshift) |
T4 A777V |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Mutator versus antimutator activity of a T4 DNA polymerase mutant distinguishes two different frameshifting mechanisms. |
3.4 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: T4 rIIB N-terminal frameshift assay ((rFC47; 1b-b7, a - frameshift)) |
T4 A777V |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Mutator versus antimutator activity of a T4 DNA polymerase mutant distinguishes two different frameshifting mechanisms. |
0.2 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: T4 rII 131 reversion |
T4 A777V |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Mutator versus antimutator activity of a T4 DNA polymerase mutant distinguishes two different frameshifting mechanisms. |
0.18 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: T4 rII UV6 reversion |
T4 A777V |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Mutator versus antimutator activity of a T4 DNA polymerase mutant distinguishes two different frameshifting mechanisms. |
0.51 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: T4 rII 114 reversion |
T4 A777V |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Mutator versus antimutator activity of a T4 DNA polymerase mutant distinguishes two different frameshifting mechanisms. |
2.3 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: T4 rIIB N-terminal frameshift assay ((rFC7; b3-mb, a + frameshift)) |
Klenow fragment |
Eubacterium |
A
|
A thumb subdomain mutant of the large fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I with reduced DNA binding affinity, processivity, and frameshift fidelity. |
0.0102 errors/bp |
Technique: Reversion |
Klenow fragment |
Eubacterium |
A
|
Analyzing fidelity of DNA polymerases. |
8E-05 errors/bp |
Technique: Reversion |
Klenow fragment |
Eubacterium |
A
|
The fidelity of DNA synthesis catalyzed by derivatives of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. |
6E-07 errors/bp |
Technique: M13mp2 forward mutation assay (1 uM dNTP, error rate is upper limit (≤)) |
Dpo4 |
Archaeon |
Y
|
Low fidelity DNA synthesis by a y family DNA polymerase due to misalignment in the active site. |
0.0023 errors/bp |
Technique: M13mp2 forward mutation assay |
Human Pol eta |
Eukaryote |
Y
|
The fidelity of DNA synthesis by eukaryotic replicative and translesion synthesis polymerases. |
0.0024 errors/bp |
Technique: M13mp2 forward mutation assay |
Dbh |
Archaeon |
Y
|
The mutational specificity of the Dbh lesion bypass polymerase and its implications. |
0.03 errors/bp |
|
Human Pol gamma |
Eukaryote |
A
|
The fidelity of DNA synthesis by eukaryotic replicative and translesion synthesis polymerases. |
1.2E-06 errors/bp |
Technique: M13mp2 forward mutation assay |
Eco Pol IV |
Eubacterium |
Y
|
Fidelity of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase IV. Preferential generation of small deletion mutations by dNTP-stabilized misalignment. |
0.00021 errors/bp |
Technique: M13mp2 forward mutation assay |
Eco Pol V |
Eubacterium |
Y
|
Highly mutagenic replication by DNA polymerase V (UmuC) provides a mechanistic basis for SOS untargeted mutagenesis. |
2.3E-05 errors/bp |
|
Human Pol kappa |
Eukaryote |
Y
|
The fidelity of DNA synthesis by eukaryotic replicative and translesion synthesis polymerases. |
0.0018 errors/bp |
Technique: M13mp2 forward mutation assay |
Rat Pol beta |
Eukaryote |
X
|
The mutational specificity of DNA polymerase-beta during in vitro DNA synthesis. Production of frameshift, base substitution, and deletion mutations. |
0.0355 errors/bp |
Technique: M13mp2 forward mutation assay |
Taq pol I |
Eubacterium |
A
|
Fidelity of DNA synthesis by the Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase. |
2.44E-05 errors/bp |
|
Taq pol I |
Eubacterium |
A
|
High fidelity DNA synthesis by the Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase. |
4.76E-06 errors/bp |
Technique: Reversion (High fidelity conditions) |
Taq pol I |
Eubacterium |
A
|
High fidelity DNA synthesis by the Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase. |
5.26E-05 errors/bp |
Technique: Reversion (Low fidelity conditions) |
HIV RT |
Virus/Phage |
RT
|
Mutation Rates and Intrinsic Fidelity of Retroviral Reverse Transcriptases |
0.00023 errors/bp |
|
HIV RT |
Virus/Phage |
RT
|
In vitro fidelity of the prototype primate foamy virus (PFV) RT compared to HIV-1 RT. |
8E-06 errors/bp |
|
HIV RT |
Virus/Phage |
RT
|
Analyzing fidelity of DNA polymerases. |
0.0047 errors/bp |
Technique: Reversion |
Eco Pol III |
Eubacterium |
C
|
Highly mutagenic replication by DNA polymerase V (UmuC) provides a mechanistic basis for SOS untargeted mutagenesis. |
1.4E-06 errors/bp |
|
Eco Pol III |
Eubacterium |
C
|
The base substitution and frameshift fidelity of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme in vitro. |
5E-09 errors/bp |
|
Human Pol lamba |
Eukaryote |
X
|
The frameshift infidelity of human DNA polymerase lambda. Implications for function. |
0.0049 errors/bp |
Technique: M13mp2 forward mutation assay |
Klenow (exo-) |
Eubacterium |
A
|
Effect of reaction pH on the fidelity and processivity of exonuclease-deficient Klenow polymerase. |
1.4E-05 errors/bp |
|
Klenow (exo-) |
Eubacterium |
A
|
Effect of reaction pH on the fidelity and processivity of exonuclease-deficient Klenow polymerase. |
0.00054 errors/bp |
|
Vent (exo-) |
Archaeon |
B
|
Fidelity of DNA synthesis by the Thermococcus litoralis DNA polymerase--an extremely heat stable enzyme with proofreading activity. |
0.0094 errors/bp |
Technique: Forward mutational (1mM dNTP) |
Replinase |
Unknown |
?
|
Fidelity of DNA synthesis by the Thermococcus litoralis DNA polymerase--an extremely heat stable enzyme with proofreading activity. |
0.0064 errors/bp |
Technique: Forward mutational (1mM dNTP) |
AMV |
Virus/Phage |
RT
|
Fidelity of two retroviral reverse transcriptases during DNA-dependent DNA synthesis in vitro. |
1.15E-05 errors/bp |
Technique: M13mp2 opal codon reversion assay |
AMV |
Virus/Phage |
RT
|
Mutation Rates and Intrinsic Fidelity of Retroviral Reverse Transcriptases |
1E-05 errors/bp |
|
RB69 Y567A |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Interacting fidelity defects in the replicative DNA polymerase of bacteriophage RB69. |
4.5 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: RB69 rII 131 reversion |
RB69 L561A |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
The L561A substitution in the nascent base-pair binding pocket of RB69 DNA polymerase reduces base discrimination. |
1.2 errors/bp |
Technique: RB69 rII 131 reversion |
RB69 L561A |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
The L561A substitution in the nascent base-pair binding pocket of RB69 DNA polymerase reduces base discrimination. |
4.5 errors/bp |
Technique: RB69 rII UV232 reversion |
Human Pol alpha |
Eukaryote |
B
|
Fidelity and error specificity of the alpha catalytic subunit of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III. |
4E-05 errors/bp |
Technique: Forward mutational |
Human Pol alpha |
Eukaryote |
B
|
Fidelity and error specificity of the alpha catalytic subunit of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III. |
0.00031 errors/bp |
Technique: Reversion |
KF D424A |
Eubacterium |
A
|
The fidelity of DNA synthesis catalyzed by derivatives of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. |
5E-06 errors/bp |
Technique: M13mp2 forward mutation assay (1mM dNTP; combined with D355A,E357A results) |
KF D424A |
Eubacterium |
A
|
The fidelity of DNA synthesis catalyzed by derivatives of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. |
0.0043 errors/bp |
Technique: Forward mutational (1 uM dNTP) |
KF D355AE357A |
Eubacterium |
A
|
The fidelity of DNA synthesis catalyzed by derivatives of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. |
5E-06 errors/bp |
Technique: M13mp2 forward mutation assay (1mM dNTP; combined with D424A results) |
KF(515-928) |
Eubacterium |
A
|
The fidelity of DNA synthesis catalyzed by derivatives of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. |
1.3E-05 errors/bp |
Technique: M13mp2 forward mutation assay (1mM dNTP) |
Sce Pol eta |
Eukaryote |
Y
|
The fidelity of DNA synthesis by eukaryotic replicative and translesion synthesis polymerases. |
0.00093 errors/bp |
Technique: M13mp2 forward mutation assay |
Sce Pol delta |
Eukaryote |
B
|
The fidelity of DNA synthesis by eukaryotic replicative and translesion synthesis polymerases. |
1.3E-05 errors/bp |
Technique: M13mp2 forward mutation assay |
RB69 Y567S |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Interacting fidelity defects in the replicative DNA polymerase of bacteriophage RB69. |
14 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: RB69 rII 131 reversion |
RB69 Y567T |
Virus/Phage |
B
|
Interacting fidelity defects in the replicative DNA polymerase of bacteriophage RB69. |
32 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
Technique: RB69 rII 131 reversion |
PFV RT |
Virus/Phage |
RT
|
In vitro fidelity of the prototype primate foamy virus (PFV) RT compared to HIV-1 RT. |
2.1E-05 errors/bp |
|
Chicken Pol beta |
Eukaryote |
X
|
The mutational specificity of DNA polymerase-beta during in vitro DNA synthesis. Production of frameshift, base substitution, and deletion mutations. |
0.012 errors/bp |
Technique: M13mp2 forward mutation assay |
MutD5 Pol III |
Eubacterium |
C
|
The base substitution and frameshift fidelity of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme in vitro. |
100 Mutation frequency (relative to WT) |
|
MutD5 Pol III |
Eubacterium |
C
|
The base substitution and frameshift fidelity of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme in vitro. |
5E-07 errors/bp |
|
Sce Pol I |
Eukaryote |
B
|
Fidelity of DNA polymerase I and the DNA polymerase I-DNA primase complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
5.88E-05 errors/bp |
Technique: M13mp2 forward mutation assay |